选自 Psychology Today 今日心理学

AI Presents Answers, But It Is Not the Answer
The media reports that there is a recommendation AI should interact with children.
AI 提供答案，但并非终极答案  
媒体报道称，有建议认为人工智能应与儿童互动。
interact with
与……互动：与人或事物进行交流、合作或影响。

Key points
Empathy and Theory of Mind are not optional.
AI cannot and does not offer genuine emotional presence.
Skills, knowledge, and learning mature gradually, and require constant work.
关键要点  
共情能力与心智理论并非可选项。  
人工智能无法也不能提供真正的情感存在感。  
技能、知识和学习是逐步成熟的，需要持续投入付出。
empathy
n. 共鸣，同情；感同身受，产生共鸣（的能力）

Recently, there has been conversation in the media to the effect that artificial intelligence (AI) should be used to communicate and engage with children. This advice needs to be considered in light of what the research indicates is taking place. AI cannot and does not offer genuine emotional presence, nor can it model or convey the subtle, unpredictable dynamics of human interactions, nor family nuances or cultural or social complexities.
最近，媒体上出现了一些讨论，认为应利用人工智能（AI）与儿童进行沟通和互动。然而，这一建议需结合现有研究结果加以考量。人工智能既无法且不能提供真实的情感存在感，更无法模拟或传达人类互动中那些微妙而难以预测的动态，以及家庭关系中的细微差异、文化和社会层面的复杂性。
to the effect that
大致意思是
in light of
基于某种情况或信息，考虑到某事或在某种情况下
subtle
adj. 不易察觉的，微妙的；敏锐的，有洞察力的；灵活的，巧妙的；含蓄的，隐晦的；<古>狡猾的
unpredictable
adj. 无法预测的，不定的；（人）善变的，难以捉摸的
n. 不可预言的事
nuance
n. 细微差别
v. 使产生细微差别
complexity
n. 复杂性，错综复杂；复杂之处，费解之处

The message is unambiguous: Relying on AI as a substitute for parental or other human engagement risks further displacing the profound experiences children especially need to hear and engage in face-to-face conversations, and years of physical play—at the very minimum—to cultivate healthy, holistic cognitive, emotional, psychological, personal, and social development, including empathy and Theory of Mind.
文章传递的信息十分明确：将人工智能作为家长或其他人类互动的替代品，可能会进一步削弱儿童所迫切需要的深度体验，尤其是面对面交流和多年来的身体互动游戏——这些至少是培养健康、全面认知、情感、心理、人格与社交能力的基础，包括共情能力和心智理论。
unambiguous
adj. 不含糊的；清楚的；明白的
engagement
n. 婚约，订婚；约会，约定；交战，战斗；演出任务；聘用，雇用；参加，从事；(与……的)密切关系，(对……的)了解；啮合；（与……的）密切关系，（对……的）了解
displace
v. 取代，代替；使（人或动物群体）离开家园；移动，转移
at the very minimum
至少
holistic
adj. 整体的，全面的；功能整体性的

For empathy and Theory of Mind to develop, constant face-to-face human communication from birth, along with its associated social scaffolding and developmental processes, must unrelentingly take place to bring about the required holistic—brain, mind, and body—healthy, ethical, and complex universal human condition.
要发展共情能力和心智理论，必须从出生起持续进行面对面的人际交流，并辅以相应的社会支持结构和发展过程，从而实现大脑、心智与身体整体健康、合乎伦理且复杂的人类普遍状态。
scaffold
n. 脚手架；鹰架；绞刑台
vt. 给……搭脚手架；用支架支撑
unrelentingly
adv. 无情地

Skills, knowledge, cognitive and emotional intelligence, empathy, and Theory of Mind are foundational, holistic capacities that begin at birth. When a baby first looks into their mother’s face and eyes and hears their mother’s voice, this marks the start of the all-important forever communication process that begins the journey toward understanding oneself, others, and the external world.
技能、知识、认知与情绪智力、共情能力以及心智理论，是自出生起便开始发展的基础性整体能力。当婴儿第一次注视母亲的面容和眼睛，听到母亲的声音时，这标志着至关重要、贯穿一生的沟通过程的开端，也开启了理解自我、他人及外部世界的旅程。
foundational
adj. 基础的；基本的

These neurological and learning systems will only mature through ongoing, continuous face-to-face communication, involving constant talking, listening, and observing. The development of empathy and Theory of Mind requires repeated, embodied, i.e., personal reciprocal social experiences that involve facial expressions, tone of voice, gesture, and shared attention; all of which are part of the universal human condition.
这些神经和学习系统只有通过持续不断的面对面交流，包括不断交谈、倾听和观察，才能逐渐成熟。共情能力和心智理论的发展需要反复的具体化体验，即具有个人互动性的社会经验，其中包括面部表情、语调、手势以及共同关注等要素；而这些都属于人类普遍存在的基本状态。
embody
v. 具体表现，体现；收录，包括
reciprocal
adj. 相互的，互惠的，报答的；（路线，方向）反向的；（代词，动词）互相的；（量，函数）倒数的；互逆的，互反的
n. 反身代词，相互动词； 倒数，乘法逆元素；互相起作用的事物

As the research indicates, when these experiences are reduced or replaced by digital interaction, the developmental trajectory can change and fail to develop. Critically, prolonged screen?mediated interaction erodes empathy and Theory of Mind by stripping away the embodied cues that scaffold neurological, psychological, intellectual, emotional and behavioral development.
研究表明，当这些体验被减少或由数字互动所取代时，个体的发展轨迹可能发生改变，甚至无法正常发展。关键在于，长时间的屏幕媒介互动会削弱共情能力和心智理论，因为它剥夺了支撑神经、心理、智力、情感和行为发展的具体线索。
trajectory
n.（物体射向或抛向空中形成的）轨道，轨迹；（事业等的）发展轨迹，起落；（几何）常角轨道，轨线
critically
adv. 严重地；很大程度上，极为重要地；令人担忧地；批判性地；评判性地，批评性地；评论性地；严谨地
prolonged
adj. 长期的，持续很久的
v. 拉长，拖长（感觉或活动）（prolong 的过去式和过去分词）
erode
v. 侵蚀，腐蚀；削弱，降低
strip
v. 除去，撕掉（外皮或表层）；夺去，剥夺（地位，权力，财产）；脱衣服，脱光……的衣服；表演脱衣舞；为（奶牛）收奶；拆卸，拆开（机器、车辆或引擎 ）
n.（纸、金属、织物等）条，带；带状地带；<英>（比赛时穿的）队服，球衣；商业街；脱衣舞；连环漫画；飞机跑道
strip away
剥离：从表面上去除（覆盖物）：从表面上拉开覆盖物的一部分。
去除（不重要的材料）：从某物中去除（不重要的材料）。
cue
n. 暗示，提示；（戏剧或电影中的）尾白，提示；（台球等的）球杆；线索；选听（或选看）键
v. 提示，暗示；用球杆击球
neurological
adj. 神经病学的，神经学上的
behavioral
adj. 行为的

The evidence is unambiguous: empathy and Theory of Mind are not optional; they are absolute, immutable developmental necessities. Without these intrinsic states being present in the universal human condition, the research indicates that individuals will tend to struggle to interpret nuances, regulate emotion, and successfully engage in cooperative behavior. When these profound states are absent, research indicates that individuals may even engage in behaviors that could be described as being antisocial.
证据十分明确：共情和心智理论并非可有可无，而是绝对且不可改变的发展必需品。研究指出，如果人类普遍性特质中缺乏这些内在状态，个体将难以理解细微差别、调节情绪，并成功参与合作行为。当这些深层心理状态缺失时，研究还表明，个体甚至可能表现出被描述为反社会的行为。
unambiguous
adj. 不含糊的；清楚的；明白的
immutable
adj. 永恒的，不可改变的
necessity
n. 必需品，必需的事物；必要，需要；必然性，不可避免的情况
intrinsic
adj. 内在的，固有的
nuance
n. 细微差别
v. 使产生细微差别
cooperative
adj. 合作的，协作的；乐于配合的；（企业或其他组织）合作性的
n. 合作性组织
antisocial
adj. 反社会的；扰乱社会的；不爱交际的
n. 违背社会公德的人；反社会者

An additional key factor is the absence of personal social learning interactions. This all-important universal personal social learning interaction is the required process of face?to?face experiences that helps develop and advance the holistic universal human condition, thereby helping children, adolescents and adults better understand themselves and others.
另一个关键因素是缺乏个人化的社交学习互动。这种至关重要的普遍性个人社会学习互动，是一种面对面交流的必要过程，有助于促进和提升人类整体的普遍生存状态，从而帮助儿童、青少年和成年人更好地理解自己与他人。
all-important
adj. 极重要的，至关紧要的

When this is taking place, there is also the ongoing potential of advancing critical thinking and higher-order reasoning, and it also provides the potential to develop and enhance emotional intelligence, self?regulation, self-management, self-discipline, and, importantly, ethical and moral intelligence.
当这种情况发生时，还能持续推动批判性思维和高阶推理能力的发展，并为提升情商、自我调节、自我管理、自律能力，以及重要的是道德与伦理智慧的培养和提升提供可能。
ongoing
adj. 持续存在的，仍在进行的，不断发展的
higher-order
n. 高阶

However, as the research indicates, none of this can or will develop in the “cocoon” of digital environments. As the research also indicates, a digital environment can—and actually does—lead to reduced emotional intelligence, diminished cognitive and intellectual perspective?taking, and diminished ethical and moral insights, rather than advancing self?reflective intellectual, ethical, and moral understanding.
然而，正如研究所示，所有这些发展都无法也不会在数字环境的“茧房”中实现。研究还表明，数字环境不仅不会促进自我反思性的智力、道德与伦理理解，反而实际上会导致情商下降、认知与智力上的换位思考能力减弱，以及道德与伦理洞察力降低。
cocoon
n. 茧，卵袋；（尤指保护性或安慰性的）遮盖（或包裹）物；安全宁静的地方，避风港；（防止金属设备腐蚀的）防护膜
v. 庇护，将……保护起来；把……盖住，把……包住；隐退（指避开公众生活的压力享受天伦之乐）；给……喷上保护层
emotional intelligence
情商：指一个人识别、理解、管理和运用自己和他人情绪的能力。
diminish
v. 减弱，降低，减少；贬低，轻视
perspective taking
换位思考
ethical
adj. 道德的，伦理的；合乎道德的；有益于人（类）的，环保的
insight
n. 洞悉，了解；洞察力

This can also lead to difficulty developing integrity and genuine, stable relationships, which can also reduce tolerance for different points of view, impair conflict-resolution potential, and, as noted, lead to antisocial behaviors.
这还可能导致难以建立诚信以及真实、稳定的人际关系，进而降低对不同观点的包容度，削弱解决冲突的能力，并如前所述，引发反社会行为。
integrity
n. 正直，诚实；完整，完全；职业操守；（电子数据的）集成度
tolerance
n. 忍受，容忍；（痛苦、困难等的）忍受程度，忍耐力；耐药力，耐受性；公差，容许偏差
impair
v. 损害，削弱

At the societal and even broader civilizational level, the implications are profound. A population with no insight into empathy and/or Theory of Mind becomes more susceptible to ethical and moral disengagement. As such, it can even become a danger to itself.
在社会乃至更广泛的文明层面上，其影响极为深远。一个缺乏共情能力和/或心智理论认知的人群，更容易陷入道德与伦理的疏离状态，甚至可能对自身构成威胁。
societal
adj. 社会的
civilizational
文明的
implication
n. 可能的影响（或作用、结果）；含意，暗指；牵连，涉及
susceptible
adj. 易得病的，易受影响的；（人）易受感动的，易动感情的；可能有……的，容许……的；<正式>（尤指想法或陈述）能被理解（或证明、解释）的
disengagement
n. 脱离；分开

When individuals lack the cognitive, intellectual, emotional, and psychological self?reflective insight to recognize the emotional and psychological states of others, this is when there is a serious risk of personal relationship failures and also of the broader community becoming socially disruptive, and, as noted, antisocial.
当个体缺乏认知、智力、情感和心理上的自我反思能力，无法识别他人的情绪与心理状态时，就存在严重的个人关系破裂的风险，整个社群也可能因此变得具有社会破坏性，甚至如前所述，会出现反社会倾向。
reflective
adj. 反射的，反光的 ；沉思的，深思的；体现……的，反映……的
disruptive
adj. 引起混乱的，破坏的；创新的，开拓性的

For the first time in human history—and it is important to note that this is just the beginning—what we have now in AI is an all-powerful technology that can and does present information faster than humans and, self-evidently, much, much more. As the research indicates, AI “has answers,” but it is not the answer in the development of a holistic, healthy, and ethical universal human condition.
人类历史上首次——必须强调，这仅仅是个开始——我们如今拥有的人工智能是一种无所不能的技术，它能够且确实比人类更快地呈现信息，而且显而易见的是，要快得多。研究表明，人工智能“拥有答案”，但它并非实现全面、健康且合乎伦理的全人类境况的答案。  
all-powerful
adj. 全能的
self-evidently
不言而喻地

This can only be developed, advanced, and enhanced through constant face?to?face human communication. As the research indicates, if this does not occur, the brain and mind of the universal human condition will be adversely affected.
这种境况只能通过持续的人际面对面交流来发展、推进和提升。研究指出，若缺乏这种交流，人类普遍存在的大脑与心智将受到负面影响。  
adversely
adv. 不利地，有害地

Sasha Rogelberg (2026), writing in Fortune, reported that the United States invested more than $30 billion over a 20-year period to expand access to laptops and tablets in schools, broadening access to information and improving learning and educational outcomes.
萨沙·罗格尔伯格（2026）在《财富》杂志撰文报道，美国在20年间投入超过300亿美元，用于在学校推广笔记本电脑和平板电脑的使用，以扩大信息获取渠道并改善学习与教育成果。  

The evidence accumulated over those 20 years discovered that the widespread introduction of digital devices in classrooms coincided with a measurable decline in students’ academic, cognitive, and educational abilities.
这20年积累的证据显示，课堂中数字设备的广泛引入，却伴随着学生学业、认知和教育水平的可测量下降。 
coincide
v. 巧合，同时发生；一致，相符；相交，重叠
measurable
adj. 显著的，有明显影响的；可测量的

All of the neuroscience, educational, pedagogical, psychological, and learning research unambiguously indicates that for skills, knowledge, empathy, emotional intelligence, and Theory of Mind to develop and advance, this process must begin at birth and continue through sustained, never-ending human interactions.
所有神经科学、教育学、教学法、心理学及学习领域的研究都明确表明，要促进技能、知识、同理心、情商以及心智理论的发展与进步，这一过程必须从出生开始，并通过持续不断的人际互动延续下去。
neuroscience
n. 神经科学
pedagogical
adj. 教育学的；教学法的
unambiguously
adv. 不含糊地；明白地；单意义地

This involves specific personal learning actions that advance and enhance intellectual and skill acquisition, critical thinking, and higher?order reasoning from birth through childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.
这包括从出生到儿童期、青春期及成年期，通过特定的个人学习行为来促进和提升智力与技能获取、批判性思维以及高阶推理能力。

As such, it is important to note that the brain undergoes continuous major structural changes well into early adulthood, including significant maturational reorganization extending into the late 20s and early 30s. Plus, adult neurogenesis (the formation of new neurons) can continue throughout a lifetime.
因此，需要特别注意的是，大脑在成年早期仍持续经历重大的结构性变化，包括延续至20多岁至30多岁初期的显著的成熟性重组。此外，成人神经形成（即新神经元的形成）可贯穿人的一生。
undergo
v. 经历，经受
structural
adj. 建筑结构的；建筑用的；结构（或构造）上的
maturational
adj. 成熟的，成熟阶段的；化脓的；精子形成的
reorganization
n. 重组，改组；整顿；改编
neurogenesis
n. [胚] 神经发生；[胚] 神经形成
formation
n. 组成物；构成；形成，产生；编队，队形；（社会、政治等的）形态
neuron
n. [解剖] 神经元，神经单位

When this essential developmental process is weakened, displaced, or interrupted, the personal and social consequences can become increasingly serious. As noted, this concern, in part, is objectively reflected in the 20?year study reported by Sasha Rogelberg (2026), which highlights the measurable negative impact that digitally dominated environments are now having on students’ academic and cognitive development. Where to from here?
当这一关键的发展过程受到削弱、偏离或中断时，个人和社会的后果可能会变得日益严重。正如所指出的，这种担忧部分体现在萨沙·罗格尔伯格（2026）报告的为期20年的研究中，该研究强调了数字主导环境对学生学业和认知发展所产生的可衡量的负面影响。接下来我们该何去何从？
objectively
adv. 客观地